What are the exceptions that disallow an employee from receiving workers' compensation benefits?

The correct choice highlights that intoxication and horseplay are recognized exceptions that can disallow an employee from receiving workers' compensation benefits. In the context of workers' compensation, if an employee is injured while under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or while engaging in horseplay—which refers to playful or mischievous behavior that deviates from the normal scope of work—their claim for benefits may be denied. This is because such behaviors are considered outside the scope of employment or can be seen as a contributing factor to the injury, which is not compensable under workers' compensation laws.

In contrast, situations like involuntary resignation, volunteering on off-work activities, and medical leave typically do not automatically exclude an employee from receiving benefits. Involuntary resignations are generally related to job performance or changes at work rather than behavior leading to injury. Volunteering, as long as it doesn’t relate to the employee's work duties, usually falls outside the purview of workers' compensation claims. Medical leave is also unrelated to immediate workplace safety issues and doesn’t typically present grounds to deny benefits. Thus, the focus on specific behaviors, like intoxication and horseplay, encapsulates the misalignment with the expectations of workplace conduct necessary for eligibility for workers' compensation