Which of the following is NOT included in Protection and Indemnity coverage?

Protection and Indemnity (P&I) coverage primarily pertains to maritime law and is designed to provide insurance for shipowners against liabilities arising from the operation of their vessels. This coverage includes various liabilities that might occur during maritime activities.

The choice regarding damage caused by collision is correct as it is typically not included under P&I coverage. Collision-related damages are usually covered by hull insurance, which protects against direct physical damage to the ship itself as a result of collisions, rather than the liabilities arising from such events.

In contrast, personal injury claims are included in P&I coverage because they directly relate to the liabilities shipowners may face if an individual is injured while onboard or related to their operations. Similarly, damage to cargo through negligence falls under the purview of P&I, as it involves liabilities arising from the shipowner's responsibilities regarding cargo safety. Additionally, damage to property not caused by collision may be covered under P&I, reflecting the broader liabilities that may arise in the course of maritime operations.

Thus, the reasoning behind why collision damage is excluded from P&I coverage is rooted in the purpose of the insurance, which focuses more on liability issues rather than damage to the ship itself, setting it apart from the other types of claims mentioned.